匠心仿古琉璃瓦厂-小青瓦,仿古瓦,寺庙瓦

琉璃瓦是中国古建筑的脊梁——它的色彩等有什么讲究？

Glazed tile is the backbone of ancient Chinese architecture. What is its color and so on?

我国古建筑从什么时候开始使用琉璃瓦？如图故宫御景亭中先是绿色琉璃瓦！

When did our ancient buildings begin to use glazed tiles? For example, the the Imperial Palace Pavilion is a green glazed tile first.

而畅音阁前门却先用黄色琉璃瓦，再用绿色琉璃瓦，为什么？

And the front gate of Chang Yin Ge uses yellow glazed tile first and then green glazed tile. Why?

嘉靖时，北京天坛内建大享殿，3层屋檐用三色琉璃：上层蓝色象天，中层黄色象地，下层绿色象万物。 只不过清乾隆时对天坛做了一次大规模重修，大享殿3檐才改为一色青琉璃，更名为祈年殿（供孟春祁谷之用）。 祈年殿3层殿檐由三色改为一色青琉璃瓦，消除了色调繁杂的弊病，使整体显得格外安定宁静，蓝色的圆形屋顶，配白石台基和红色门窗，色调鲜明，对比强烈。

During the Jiajing period, the Grand Hall of Beijing Tiantan was built, and the 3 layers of eaves were colored with three colors: the upper layer of blue is like the sky, the middle is yellow and the earth is lower, and the lower green is like everything. But when the Qing Emperor Qianlong did a massive renovation of the Tiantan, the great hall was replaced by 3 green walls, which was renamed the hall of prayer for the occasion. The 3 layer Hall of the palace of prayer is changed from three colors to a blue glaze tile, which eliminates the miscellaneous maladies of the hue. The whole is particularly quiet and tranquil. The blue circular roof, with the white stone platform and the red doors and windows, is bright and contrasting.

简单说一下中国古代使用色彩的等级限制：

Briefly speaking, the grading restrictions on colors used in ancient China:

金、朱、黄最高贵，用于帝王、贵族的宫室

Gold, Chu, and yellow are the most noble, used in the palace of emperors and nobles.

青、绿次之，百官第宅可用

Green and green, a hundred officials' mansion

黑、灰最下，庶民庐舍只用这类色调

At the bottom of the black and gray, the hues of the common people use only this kind of hue

琉璃瓦的使用：

The use of glazed tiles:

瓦的发明是西周在建筑上的突出成就，使西周建筑从“茅茨土阶”的简陋状态进入了比较高级的阶段。制瓦技术是从陶器制作发展而来的。  据考古发掘，西周早期，发现瓦还比较少，可能只用于屋脊、天沟和屋檐。到西周晚期，瓦的数量就比较多了，有的屋顶已全部铺瓦，瓦的质量也有所提高，出现了半瓦当。

The invention of Wa is the outstanding achievement of the Western Zhou Dynasty in architecture, which made the architecture of Western Zhou Dynasty enter a relatively advanced stage from the humble state of "Mao Zi Shi bu". The technology of tile making is developed from the production of pottery. According to the archaeological excavation, the early Western Zhou Dynasty found that the tiles were relatively few and might only be used for roofs, gutters and eaves. By the end of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the number of tiles had been much larger. Some roofs had been completely padded, and the quality of tile had also improved.

春秋时期遗址中，发现了大量板瓦、筒瓦以及一部反半瓦当和全瓦当，说明了瓦已广泛用于宫 殿。

In the spring and Autumn period, a large number of tile, tile and an anti half tile and tile tile were found in the ruins, which indicated that tile had been widely used in palaces.

战国时期，宫殿建筑有了在瓦上涂朱色的做法。

During the Warring States period, palace buildings were painted with red on tiles.

北魏时期，已经出现了琉璃瓦。

In the period of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the glazed tiles had appeared.

唐时，琉璃瓦较北魏时增多了，长安宫殿出土的琉璃瓦以绿色居多，黄色、蓝色次之。但当时出土的琉璃瓦数量较灰瓦（素白瓦）、黑瓦（青掍瓦）为少，可能还多半用于屋脊和檐口部分（即清式所谓“剪边”的做法），此时，屋顶以灰色和黑色筒板瓦为主，或配以黄绿剪边。

In Tang Dynasty, glazed tiles were more numerous than those in the Northern Wei Dynasty. The glazed tiles unearthed in Changan palaces were mostly green, followed by yellow and blue. But the amount of glazed tile unearthed at that time is less than that of grey tile (plain white tile) and black tile (green tile), which may be mostly used in the roof and eaves part (that is, the so-called "cutting edge"). At this time, the roof is mainly gray and black tube tiles, or with yellow green trimming.

宋时，屋顶部分开始大量使用琉璃瓦，建筑外貌趋于华丽。

In Song Dynasty, the glazed tiles were widely used on the roof, and the appearance of the buildings tended to be gorgeous.

明代琉璃工艺水平大大提高，早期琉璃瓦用黏土制坯，明代琉璃瓦采用白泥（高岭土、瓷土）制坯，烧成后质地细密坚硬，强度较高，不易吸水，琉璃面砖、琉璃瓦的应用面也更加广泛。不但坯体质量高，而且预制拼装技术、色彩质量与品种方等方面都达到了前所未有的水平。

The technology level of the Ming Dynasty is greatly improved. The early glaze tiles are made of clay and white clay (kaolin and porcelain clay) in the Ming Dynasty. After burning, the texture is fine and hard, the strength is high, it is not easy to absorb water, and the application surface of glazed tile and glaze tile is also more extensive. Not only the quality of the green body is high, but also the prefabricated assembly technology, color quality and variety party have reached an unprecedented level.

北宋和金代的宫殿都是绿瓦。当时很难烧出黄瓦。宫殿建筑琉璃瓦的颜色随着技术发展有很大变化。大致来说，唐代最高等级建筑才用绿琉璃瓦剪边,黑瓦顶; 北宋演变成主体建筑满铺绿瓦，次要建筑黑瓦或青灰瓦; 金代更进一步，宫殿全用满铺绿瓦顶，被南宋使臣说奢靡甚于汴京; 元代开始出现黄琉璃瓦，满铺黄瓦用于主要建筑，次要建筑用绿瓦或灰瓦; 明代前期继承元代，主要建筑满铺黄琉璃瓦，次要建筑为满铺绿瓦或黄瓦绿琉璃剪边; 到了明代后期和清代，黄琉璃瓦已经不是什么稀罕物，宫殿建筑基本变成满铺黄琉璃，形成一片金灿灿的风格。

The palaces of the Northern Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty were all green tiles. It was difficult to burn out the yellow tiles. The color of the glazed tile in the palace building has changed greatly with the development of technology. Generally speaking, the highest grade buildings in the Tang Dynasty were cut with green glaze tiles and black tiles, and the Northern Song Dynasty evolved into the main building with green tiles, and the secondary buildings were black tiles or grey tiles. In the early Ming Dynasty, the main buildings were full of yellow glazed tiles, and the secondary buildings were covered with green tiles or yellow tiles and green glaze. In the late Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty, the yellow glazed tiles were not rare, and the palace buildings were basically full of yellow glazed tiles to form a Golden style.

琉璃瓦的颜色并不是随便用的

The color of glazed tiles is not a casual use.

琉璃瓦颜色不同，是因为釉彩中含有不同的金属氧化物。氧化铁釉料将烧成黄色的琉璃瓦，氧化铜釉料将烧成绿色的琉璃瓦，氧化钴釉料将烧成蓝色的琉璃瓦，等等。

Glazed tiles differ in color because they contain different metal oxides. The glaze of iron oxide will be burned into yellow glazed tiles. The cuprous glaze will be fired into green glazed tiles, and cobalt oxide glazes will be fired into blue glazed tiles.

紫禁城里琉璃瓦颜色的使用是有规定的，五行中的五种元素，各代表一个方位，一种颜色。

The use of glazed tile in the Forbidden City is specified. The five elements in the five elements represent one position and one color.

黄色属土，土居中，帝王居天下之中，所以紫禁城绝大多数屋顶是黄色的。

Yellow is earth, earth is in the middle, and emperors live in the world, so most of the Forbidden City's roofs are yellow.

南三所位东，按阴阳五行之说，东方属木，青色，主生长，故屋顶多覆绿琉璃瓦，这里是年幼的皇子皇孙学习成长的地方。

Three South East, according to the five lines of yin and Yang, the Oriental tree, green, the main growth, so the roof is covered with green glazed tiles, this is the young imperial children's grandchildren learn to grow up.

而北方属水，主黑，所以神武门内东西大房用的是黑顶。

The North belongs to the water and the main black. Therefore, the black and white roofs are used in the inner and outer rooms of Shen Wu.