（一）原料准备

(1) preparation of raw materials

1、选料

1. Material selection

琉璃瓦可选用煤矸石、煤研灰等矿石及废渣。要因地制宜来就地取材也可获得满意的效果。先将原料页岩进行初步筛选摊开晾晒2-3天以散开后不成团为准,同时将大块的页岩检出以便打磨成粉状。晾干后的原料可装车运送到打磨车间,将页岩料用机械打碎磨细成粉状。

Glazed tile selection of coal gangue, coal ash and slag ore. According to local conditions to use also can obtain satisfactory results. First, the raw shale was first screened and dried for 2-3 days, and the mass of shale was not formed. At the same time, the large shale was detected in order to grind into powdery. After drying, the raw materials can be transported to the grinding workshop, and the shale materials are ground to powder by mechanical crushing.

2、闷料

2. Stuffing

将打磨细碎的页岩粉集中起来之后洒水闷透、闷软，闷料一般一批2—3天为宜。既不能太干硬又不能太湿软，闷成像这样湿透略成块状合适，否则不易成型。将闷好的页岩料运到制坯车间制坯。

After the grinding of fine-grained shale powder, it is suitable for 2 to 3 days. Neither too dry hard nor too wet and soft, the stuffy imaging is so wet that the lump is suitable, otherwise it is not easy to form. The stuffy shale material is transported to the blank making workshop.

（二）制坯

(two) billet

琉璃瓦的制坯是琉璃瓦烧制前的重要工序。一般采用机械制坯和手工制坯等方法。

The blank making of glazed tiles is an important process before the firing of glazed tiles. The methods of mechanical billet and manual blank making are generally adopted.

1、机械制坯

1. Mechanical billet

一般筒瓦、板瓦等普通瓦的坯材采用真空挤坯机挤坯，在搅泥机的出泥口加装一个与坯体尺寸相同的模具，通过不断的填料成型的坯材便不断挤压出来，注意坯料的软硬度，湿透的坯料容易出现过软的情况，使成形的坯材瘫软、变形影响坯材的质量返工费工费时。

Blank tile, tile and other general ordinary tile by vacuum extrusion machine extrusion, and a mold body of the same size with the mud mud stirring machine, the billet continuous molding filler will continue to squeeze out, pay attention to the hardness of the blank, the blank is prone to wet soft the forming of the billet, limp, deformation affects the quality of billet is time-consuming rework.

2、手工制作坯材

2. Manual production of billet

第一步制作瓦身，琉璃瓦品种中的勾头、滴水瓦件以及罗锅、套兽、顶珠、花窗和正吻、垂兽等构件均采用手工模具托活成型的。琉璃瓦滴水筒瓦是在机器成型的基础上再加工而成,而他的雨冒则是在人工利用摸具托活制成。按照设计的规格尺寸事先准备好模具工具。操作时将坯材放入模具中充分贴实并用木板均匀拍打几下之后，用弓子延磨具上端水平划一下去掉多余的部分。接着再去掉前侧面多余的部分。接着制作瓦脖，同样使用瓦脖磨具。

The first step in the production of tiles, glazed tiles in varieties, dishuiwa piece and hook head, a beast, a hunchback, flower window is kiss, the beast down component adopts the manual molding mold supporting live. Glazed tile is dripping tile processed based on the machine on again, and take his rain is in touch with the use of artificial support made of live. The mold tool is prepared in advance according to the size of the design. When will the billet in mold and wood stick fully even beat up after a few, with a top level bow extension tool to remove excess part. Then remove the extra part of the front side. Then the tile neck is made, and the tile neck grinding tool is also used.

第二步制作滴水部件，制作滴水部件纯粹靠模具制作行话叫托活。同样的按预先的设计的纹理和尺寸准备好模具。制作时取下一块坯料大小差不多与滴水瓦件模具空间相当。取下后要揣揉几下增加坯料的柔韧性，将坯泥放入石膏模具中磨具底面有设计好的花纹。

The second step is to make dripping parts, making drip parts purely by mould making and calling to live. Also prepare the mold according to the pre designed texture and size. The size of the next blank is almost equal to the mold space of the drop water tile. After taking down, we should knead the flexibility to increase the billet, and put the slime into the plaster mold and have a design pattern at the bottom of the grinding tool.

第三步瓦件与瓦身连接首先将滴水瓦件进行处理，将其背面用钢刷刷上几下使其粗糙，在用刷子涂抹泥料增加粘合力。将瓦脖的切面也用钢刷划几下之后将滴水瓦件放在专用模具的斜面上，对齐筒瓦瓦脖的切面边缘用力按压。

The third step tile and tile body connection will first drip tile pieces for processing, the back with a steel brush on a few make it rough, clean with a brush in mud adhesion force increases. The tile neck section is also used steel brush strokes after will drip tile pieces on the inclined special mold, press the edge section of the tile tile neck alignment.